THE EVOLUTION OF DIGITAL CUSTOMS: LEGAL CHALLENGES IN THE ERA OF AI AND AUTOMATION
Abstract
Digitalizing customs procedures and using artificial intelligence are key factors shaping the modern development of international trade. The relevance of this topic is driven by the need to enhance the efficiency of customs control, reduce administrative burdens, and ensure the transparency of customs procedures on a global scale. Automating processes and implementing advanced technologies contribute to minimizing human factors, improving risk analysis, and accelerating the inspection of goods. However, such changes are introduced by significant legal challenges, including the need to adapt regulatory frameworks, define accountability for algorithm decisions, and ensure compliance with international data protection standards. To achieve the research objectives, a comprehensive approach was applied, incorporating a comparative analysis of legal norms across different countries, a systematic analysis of the impact of digital technologies on customs administration, and the synthesis method to develop recommendations for harmonizing the legal regulation of digital customs. As a result of the study, key areas of artificial intelligence application in customs procedures have been identified, including automated risk analysis, digital document processing, and blockchain solutions for ensuring operational transparency. The study has also revealed significant legal gaps that may pose challenges to integrating digital solutions into the customs systems of various countries. Recommendations for improving legal regulation have been proposed, including developing unified international standards, mechanisms for overseeing AI decision-making, and integrating cybersecurity principles into customs administration. The practical significance of the article lies in forming a holistic understanding of the opportunities and challenges of customs digitalization, which can be utilized by government authorities to improve regulatory frameworks and businesses to develop effective strategies for interacting with customs structures in the context of digital transformation. The proposed conclusions will enhance customs control efficiency, strengthen international cooperation, and mitigate risks associated with legal uncertainties in digital technologies.
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