FEATURES AND AREAS OF REGULATION OF MODERN MIGRATION POLICY IN HOST COUNTRIES

Abstract

The article considers the migration policy in host countries. International labor migration is a global phenomenon, driven by both socio-economic factors and political instability and conflicts in the countries of origin of migrants. As of 2022, there are 272 million migrants in the world, 166 million of whom are labour migrant, and 100 millionsare refugees and asylum seekers. Differences in incomes and living standards are important drivers of migration. While immigration policy can potentially be a deterrent for migrants to their desired countries, there is another constraint that is probably even more important, and this is the financial component. A simple economic model assumes that people migrate for economic reasons if the expected income in the country of immigration, minus the costs of migration, exceeds the expected income in the country of emigration. However, not everyone in developing countries would choose to migrate to developed countries, even if migration meant significant gains for the vast majority. It can be explained by various restrictions that prevent the free migration of people. One such limitation is the restriction of immigration policy in developed countries. With varying degrees of success, these policies limit the level of migration flows around the world, thus ensuring stability in their states. Analysis of migration policy shows that countries often present complex approaches to migration management, most of which focus on issues of emigration and immigration. Migration also affects the domestic politics of host countries, both through its effects on indigenous populations and its weight in state functions such as security, education, and government spending. In addition, migration processes often influence the national policies of the issuing countries, taking into account the economic activity of their diasporas in their host countries. On the other hand, there is room for improvement as migration policy is often not fully aligned with other important relevant policy areas such as sustainable development, disaster management, climate change mitigation and adaptation.