FORCED MIGRATION OF THE POPULATION OF UKRAINE DURING THE WAR
Abstract
This article examines various aspects of migration of the population of Ukraine under the influence of the war. The concept of "migration" and its main features are analyzed. The main indicators of the dynamics of the resettlement of Ukrainians have been determined. The main provisions of the Directive on temporary protection are given. According to this directive, persons fleeing military aggression against Ukraine were granted temporary protection in the EU, i.e. they received a residence permit and access to the labor market, education (for minors), family relocation and social security. The main trends and tendencies of migration of the population of Ukraine are summarized. As of June 30, 2023, almost 4.7 million non-EU citizens who left Ukraine due to the war had the status of temporary protection in EU countries. The global dynamics of the number of refugees from Ukraine as of February 24, 2022 have been constructed and characterized. The ranking of countries by the number of accepted refugees has been revealed. The top three countries that granted asylum to people from Ukraine are Germany, which received 1,086,355 people, Poland – 968,390, and the Czech Republic – 368,300 people. The data of mobile operators were analyzed in terms of the number of residents of Ukraine. Data from sociological surveys regarding the intentions of refugees from Ukraine to return home are highlighted. The main drivers of the return of Ukrainians to the state will be the victory of Ukraine, the end of the war, economic growth based on the attraction of foreign investments, modernization and digitization of the economy, and an increase in the level of well-being of the population. The findings of this research culminate in articulating specific steps and recommendations for a comprehensive return policy and socio-economic recovery. In the context of the war-induced forced migration in Ukraine, this article contributes valuable insights and policy recommendations to address the challenges posed by population displacement, fostering a nuanced understanding of the phenomenon and guiding effective strategies for its mitigation.
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